The Alcohol Beverage Warning Label: When Did Knowledge Increase?

This article presents data on the awareness of the alcohol beverage warning label among a sample of 5,169 inner city African-American gravidas seeking prenatal care. While the label law was implemented in November 1989, a significant increase in knowledge of the label did not occur until March 1990. Women who predominantly consumed wine coolers and beer, and those under age 30 were more likely to know about the label than their counterparts.     

胎盘早期剥离13例分析

目的探讨胎盘早期剥离(胎盘早剥)的产前诊断和处理。方法对我院近10年发生的13例胎盘早剥作回顾性分析。结果妊高征及慢性高血压病占本组病因的46．2％。本组围产儿死亡率为23．08％，孕产妇死亡率为0。子宫卒中发生率46．15％，产后出血30．77％，DIC 7．70％。阴道出血、腹痛、胎心异常或消失、血性羊水为主要临床表现。产前诊断率为46．15％，B超检出率为60％。结论胎盘早剥的诊断需结合患者临床表现、发病诱因、B超检查结果全面考虑，确诊后应尽快终止妊娠。     

Neu-Laxova syndrome: Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis,clinical and pathological studies,and new manifestations

A diagnosis of the Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) was made by ultrasonography at 32 wks of gestation. Ultrasonographic examination showed intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), Dandy-Walker anomaly, choroid plexus cysts, receding forehead and microcephaly, bilateral cataract without prominent eyes, scalp edema with no generalized edema, retrognathia, curved penis, and flexion deformities of limbs. The findings in this case are consistent with NLS; however, they did not fit any of Curry's [1982] groups. Massive swelling of hands and feet were among the main manifestations in classic NLS cases. In the case presented herein, edema was noted only in the scalp. This might shed further light on the question of variability vs. heterogeneity in the NLS. This case shows the existing possibility of an early diagnosis of NLS and adds Dandy-Walker anomaly and choroid plexus cysts as new findings to this syndrome. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Manifestations of diabeters mellitus on mouse preimplantation developement: effect of elevated concentration of metabolic intemediated

The metabolic derangements of pregnancies complicated by diabetesmellitus, specifically hyperglycaemia and hyper-ketonaemia,are known to be teratogenic during the period of organogenesisin animals. We have shown previously that poorly controled diabetesmellitus impairs in-vivo and in-vitro mouse preimplantationembryo growth, and that culturing embryos in elevated glucoseconcentrations only partially recreated this developmental dealy.To extend this observation we examined the effect on mouse preimplantationembryo growth of elevated concentrations of other metabolicintermediates, which may be deranged in diabetes mellitys, namelylipids, lactate, glycerol, amino acids, and ketones. Two-cellembryos from ovulation-induced B₆C₃F₁ mice were cultured for72 h in the presence of added lipids (250 mg/dl), lactate (5mM), glycerol (160 µM) or mixed amino acids (8.5% travosol,7 mM) and showed no significant difference in growth over 72h verus their control groups. However, growth of preimplantationembryos in acetoacetate (10 mM) or in the racemic micture ofDL--hydroxybutyrate (16 and 32mM) revealed marked retardationversus controls when assessed either by distribution of developmentalstages over time (24, 48, 72 h, P <0.001) or by the differencein the average rank of sums indicating a delay in maturation(P<0.0001). We conclude that elevated ketone concentrationsadversely affect preimplantation embryo development. These findingsextend previous studies which correlate uncontrolled diabetesmellitus as well as hyperglycaemia with abnormal organogenesis,and demonstrate tht exposure to metabolic derangements may alsohinder reproductive performane at even earlier stages in gestation.     

妊娠期血清铁、叶酸、维生素B_(12)的调查分析

目的:观察妊娠期女性血液中铁、叶酸及维生素B12的变化情况。方法:将200名妊娠期女性分成早、中、晚期及足月妊娠四组,分别测定其血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12的水平,与对照组妇女的血清铁、叶酸及维生素B12水平进行比较。结果:自中期妊娠开始,随着妊娠月份的增加,孕妇血清铁、叶酸、维生素B12水平明显下降,晚期妊娠为最低,足月妊娠期水平略有回升。结论:妊娠期孕妇体内铁、叶酸及维生素B12的消耗增加,应适当补充。     

脐血血气分析与胎心监护图形预测胎儿宫内窘迫的临床价值

目的结合脐血血气，探讨不同类型胎心监护图形预测胎儿窘迫的临床价值。方法测定68例胎心监护图形为不良图形（早期减速、晚期减速、轻度变异减速、重度变异减速、轻度心动过速）的新生儿（观察组）和20例胎心监护正常图形的新生儿（对照组）出生后脐动脉血血气分析值，血气测其pH、BE、PCO2、PO2值。结果观察组与对照组血气分析中pH、BE、PCO2、PO2等对应指标比较差异无显著性（P均〉0．05）。观察组中，重度变异减速者及晚期减速者pH、PCO2、PO2、BE与对照组相比差异非常显著（P均〈0．01）。轻度心动过速、轻度变异减速、早期减速者的pH、PCO2、PO2、BE与对照组相比差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论胎心监护不良图形中重度变异减速与晚期减速与胎儿窘迫的发生密切相关。早期减速、轻度心动过速及轻度变异减速与胎儿窘迫的发生无必然联系。     

母源性BDE-209暴露对仔鼠海马一氧化氮神经递质的影响

目的从一氧化氮神经递质角度探讨母源性BDE-209损伤仔鼠神经系统的可能机制。方法 3月龄wistar雌鼠自确定交配成功后随机分为实验组A、B、C、D和对照组E,通过胃灌方法建立自妊娠期至哺乳期的不同剂量BDE-209(100、300、600、1200mg/kg/d)的暴露模型,21天仔鼠断乳后各组随机选取10只仔鼠作为研究对象,应用光电比色法和放射免疫法分别测定各组仔鼠海马组织中一氧化氮(NO)含量、神经元型一氧化氮合成酶(nNOS)活性、环鸟苷酸(cGMP)含量。结果与对照组E相比,C、D组NO含量和nNOS活性明显增加(P<0.05);B、C、D组cGMP含量明显升高(P<0.05)。结论一定剂量的母源性BDE-209可能通过影响仔鼠NO神经信号递质系统影响其神经认知功能。     

Women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² and their experience of maternity care: A meta ethnographic synthesis

Objectivethis paper is a report of a systematic review and meta-ethnography of the experiences of women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m² and their experience of maternity care.Methodsystematic review methods identified 12 qualitative studies about women's experiences of maternity care when their BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². Findings from the identified studies were synthesised into themes, using metaethnography.Synthesis and findingsthe meta-ethnography produced four key concepts; Initial encounters, Negotiating risk, Missing out and The positive intervention, which represent the experiences of maternity care for women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²Key conclusionmany women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² appear to be dissatisfied with the approaches taken to discuss weight status during maternity encounters. When weight is not addressed during these encounters women appear to be equally dissatisfied. The absence of open and honest discussions about weight, the feeling of being denied of a normal experience, and an over emphasis on the risks imposed upon pregnancy and childbirth by obesity, leave women feeling dissatisfied and disenfranchised. Sensitive care and practical advice about diet and exercise can help women move towards feeling more in control of their weight management